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Trebinje

Trebinje

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Position

Trebinje is the town on the far South of Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the valley of the river Trebisnjica (altitude of 273 m, geogrphic location 42° 42' N и 18° 20' Е). During the middle age town began to assume a shape of urban contoures. Fortified cities on the hills around Trebinje, known from that period (Klobuk, Micevac, Scepan Grad, Popovski grad...) were built in vicinity of old Roman road communications, even today attracts hystorians and archeologists. The town of Trebinje is situated on the border crossings of three republics, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Croatia.
Trebinje originated at the territory of the former Byzantie archonty (the Kingdom of Trebinje) and was the part of Serbian middle-age state Travunija. In the 14 th century of the Bosnian crown one century later, under Ottoman Empire.

The municipality of Trebinje extends on 904 km². Trebinje population is 36.000 as per last estimates.
With its climate Trebinje is entirely opened toward Mediterane. The Mediteranian climate dominates over the valley of the Trebisnjica river. The middle annual temperature is 14,2ºC; the average January temperature is 5,5ºC and the average August temperature is 23,5ºC. The Mediteranian climate is accompanied with specific vegetation, famous Mediteranian cultures (fig, pomegranate, olive, agrumes, vine, herbs, ...), as well as specific way of life characteristic for Mediterane. Such conditions significantly expended touristics offer of this town. The touristisc employees used to say that Trebinje has got two summer times; the real one „summer time“ and „winter summer time“.
As per the number of sunny days per year (over 270 days per year), Trebinje is above the regional average.
The town itself today is economic, educational, cultural and spiritual center of East Herzegovina. Trebinje simply captures ones attraction with its nicely cared urban line, harmonious natural environment (oasis in rocks), and high ecological standards (there has never been industrial plants with ecologicaly aggressive technologies built in Trebinje).
With its touristic attractive position (situated in picturesque environment between the Adriatic Sea and huge karst lakes), paralerily thanks to its solid infrastructure and industrial basis (electric and hydro power utilities, metal, textile and graphic industries, along with wide options for developing health food and mediteranian cultures production), Trebinje became the center of the region, which more and more opens for wide range of capital investments, among which the most important are those based on two main (indisposable) resources of Herzegovina – water and stone, and recently the most actual production of eco-food.
In nearest vicinty of Trebinje, there are towns, whose development is dominantly connected to thiers cultural-hystorical inheritance (Dubrovnik, Mostar, Kotor, Cetinje...).
The picture of Trebinje town as cultural, educational, spiritual center of East Herzegovina region, is completed by many educational institutions, schools, univeristy, museums, legacy, galeries, theatres, cultural-artistics associations, as well as many numerous cultural manifestations.
The project „Trebinje-the town of Culture“ with its donation, rich artistics collections, entirely in context of Euro-Mediteranian tradition, was formed by Jovan Ducic, the writer and poet, at the beginning of 20th century.
Apart of Herzegovinian beauty, Trebisnjica river, and its surrounding, which is dominant on Trebinje touristics site, special attention of numerous tourists attracts, along with Old Town Castle and Mediteraninan downtown, are objects on which religious tourism have been based recently.
The monasteries Tvrdos, Zavala, Duzi, Petrovo polje, as well as Hercegovacka Gracanica on Crkvina hill-memorial of Branko Tupanjac and the grave of Jovan Ducic are far and wide known.
Trebinje is primarily regional center in Republic of Srpska categorization of towns. Such status this town achieved by its geo-strategic position and its functional structure.
Trebinje is far from Dubrovnik 29 km, Mostar – 115, Nikšić – 70, Podgorica – 120, Herceg Novi – 38, Sarajevo – 230, Beograd – 460 km.

Two motorways cross trought Trebinje, Nº 6 (Mostar – Podgorica) and Nº 20 (Beograd – Dubrovnik).
The closest zones of intensive consumption are Dubrovacko-Neretvanski Canton, neighbouring cantons in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mostar area) and the area of Montengrian coast with its continental part.
Contact‘s business zones are: Ivanica (toward Dubrovnik), Stolac (toward Mostar), Lastva-Vilusi (toward Montenegro). The area of Trebinje municipality is suitable for construction of productional, storage capacities services for goods‘ dispatch to the Adriatic coast ( there are sea ports of Dubrovnik, Bar, Ploce, and air ports Cilipi, Tivat, Mostar, Podgorica in vicinity of Trebinje), as well as for businesses connected with foreign coperation and realization and monitoring macro projects in the South Adriatic zone.

History

The toponym Trebinje is first attested in De Administrando Imperio by Constantine VII (905-959), when describing the geography of the Serbs. Travunia (Τερβουνια) was a province of the Serbian Principality under the Vlastimirović dynasty. The first known office holder was Beloje, a count, who ruled under Prince Vlastimir (also possibly under Radoslav or Prosigoj, fl. 819). In the mid-9th century, Vlastimir married his daughter to Krajina, the son of Beloje, and gave him the Župa of Trebinje to govern under his suzerainty. The Belojević noble family was entitled to rule Travunia; Hvalimir, and his son Čučimir, continued the office under the Serbian crown.

The town commanded the road from Raguša to Constantinople, which was traversed in 1096 by Raymond of Toulouse and his crusaders. Under the name of Tribunia or Travunja (the Trebigne of the Ragusans), it belonged to the Serbian Empire until 1355. Trebinje became a part of the expanded Medieval Bosnian state under Tvrtko I in 1373. There is a medieval tower in Gornje Police whose construction is often attributed to Vuk Branković. The old Tvrdoš Monastery dates back to the 15th century.

Arslanagić bridge.
In 1482, together with the rest of Herzegovina (see: Herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača), the town was captured by the Ottoman Empire. The Old Town-Kastel was built by Turks on the location of the medieval fortress of Ban Vir, on the western bank of the Trebišnjica River. The city walls, the Old Town square, and two mosques were built in the beginning of the 18th century by the Resulbegović family. The 16th-century Arslanagić bridge (or Perovica bridge[citation needed]) was originally built at the village of Arslanagić, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the town, by Mehmed-Paša Sokolović, and was run by Arslanagić family for centuries. The Arslanagić Bridge is one of the most attractive Ottoman-era bridges in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has two large and two small semicircular arches.

Modern
Coat of Arms of Trebinje during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During the period of Austro-Hungarian administration (1878–1918), several fortifications were built on the surrounding hills, and there was a garrison based in the town. The imperial administrators also modernized the town, expanding it westwards, building the present main street, as well as several squares, parks, schools, tobacco plantations, etc.
Trebinje grew rapidly in the era of Josip Broz Tito's Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1945 and 1990. It especially developed its hydroelectric potential with dams, artificial lakes, tunnels, and hydroelectric plants. This industrial development brought a large increase in the urban population of Trebinje.